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Lack of knowledge with common terminology during an incident.Įmergency Managers determined that the existing management structures - frequently unique to each agency - did not scale to dealing with massive mutual aid responses involving dozens of distinct agencies and when these various agencies worked together their specific training and procedures clashed.“Freelancing” by individuals within the first response team without direction from a team leader (IC) and those with specialized skills during an incident and without coordination with other first responders.No effective predefined way to integrate inter-agency requirements into the management structure and planning process.Lack of an orderly, systematic planning process.Poor communication due to both inefficient uses of available communications systems and conflicting codes and terminology.
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Lack of accountability, including unclear chain of command and supervision.Weaknesses in incident management were often due to: Studies determined that response problems often related to communication and management deficiencies rather than lack of resources or failure of tactics.
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Property damage ran into the millions, and many people died or were injured.
#To be effective the incident action plan series
During the 1970s, ICS was fully developed during massive wildfire suppression efforts in California ( FIRESCOPE) that followed a series of catastrophic wildfires, starting with the massive Laguna fire in 1970. The program reflects the management hierarchy of the US Navy, and at first was used mainly to fight California wildfires. The ICS concept was formed in 1968 at a meeting of Fire Chiefs in Southern California. Provide a unified, centrally authorized emergency organization.Be cost effective by avoiding duplication of efforts, and continuing overhead.Provide logistical and administrative support to operational staff.Allows personnel from a wide variety of agencies to meld rapidly into a common management structure with common terminology.Meets the needs of a jurisdiction to cope with incidents of any kind or complexity (i.e.ICS is interdisciplinary and organizationally flexible to meet the following management challenges: ICS is a system designed to be used or applied from the time an incident occurs until the requirement for management and operations no longer exist. Personnel are assigned according to established standards and procedures previously sanctioned by participating authorities. ICS includes procedures to select and form temporary management hierarchies to control funds, personnel, facilities, equipment, and communications. ICS procedures should be pre-established and sanctioned by participating authorities, and personnel should be well-trained prior to an incident. ICS consists of a standard management hierarchy and procedures for managing temporary incident(s) of any size.